With eight of the fourteen highest peaks in the World, Nepal has been the site of some of the most outstanding achievements in mountain climbing. From the beginning, the dauntless peaks of ice and snow have offered challenges to those who dare. There are some 1400 mountain peaks in Nepal, out of which 414 Peaks are under permit for mountaineering.
Permission to climb a Himalayan peak in Nepal during the climbing season gets issued by the Mountaineering Department of the Ministry of Tourism. For the mountains of Tibet, a mountaineering permit is published by the China Tibet Mountaineering Association or the Tibet Mountaineering Association. Several documents are obligatory in either case. The mountaineering royalty depends on the height of the mountain, the season of the year, and the number of people in the group. The mountaineering expedition team must choose an agency with a proven record of providing experienced Sherpa guides and porters – the essential preconditions for achieving the goal of comfort and safety. No mountaineering group can carry out any mountaineering activities without a local agency registered in Nepal.
The Nepal Himalayas, the highest mountains in the world, are often referred to as the world’s roof or the Roof of the World. These majestic mountains, shrouded in mystery, continue to inspire awe. The broad zone of the Himalayas remains intact, adding to their allure. The Himalayas, with their snow-capped peaks, are a source of fascination and inspiration for people from all walks of life. The Himalayas are home to the snow and the gods, a fact reflected in their name, which has roots in the Sanskrit language: him = snow, alaya = home of snow. The Himalayas extend about 2,500 kilometres, twice as long as the Alps in Europe, and are about 300 km in width and rise to nine kilometres above sea level—the Brahmaputra (Assam) in the east and the Indus in the west mark their endpoints.
The Himalayas of Nepal lie in the centre of the Himalayan range. Eight peaks of over 8,000 metres, including the world’s highest mountain, Mount Everest, are the most prominent members of this part of the spectrum. In addition, some 1,400 magnificent summits of more than 6,000 metres have put Nepal on the map. The country is also renowned for its friendly people and traditional villages.
There once was a sea (the Tethys Sea) within the ancient continent of Gondwana (joining the Indian subcontinent and southern landmasses). The Himalayas began to exist about 70 to 80 million years ago. The final uplift of the peaks started approximately 10 million years ago. Therefore, the Himalayas are still very young and geologically active. Geologists say the Himalayas are growing at a pace of 15 centimetres per year as the Indian plate moves north under the Eurasian plate. This continual process of shifting tectonic plates causes earthquakes in this region. In addition, continental plate collisions react to sedimentary rocks and bring what was once below the sea to the surface. The granite formations of Mount Makalu and the metamorphic rocks in the lower layer of Mount Everest once lay under the Tethys Sea. A geologist in the 1965 Indian expedition found a deposit of seashell fossils in limestone about 100 feet above the South Summit, 8,749 metres above sea level.
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