With eight of the fourteen highest peaks in the World, Nepal has been the site of some of the most outstanding achievements in mountain climbing. From the beginning, the dauntless peaks of ice and snow have offered challenges to those that dare. There are some 1400 mountain peaks in Nepal, out of which 414 Peaks are under permission for mountaineering.
Permission to climb a Himalayan peak in Nepal during the climbing season gets issued by the Mountaineering Department of the Ministry of Tourism. For the mountains of Tibet, a mountaineering permit is published by the China Tibet Mountaineering Association or the Tibet Mountaineering Association. Several documents are obligatory in either case. The mountaineering royalty depends on the height of the mountain, the year’s season, and the number of people in the group. The mountaineering expedition team must choose an agency with a proven record of providing experienced Sherpa guides and porters – the essential preconditions for achieving the goal of comfort and safety. No mountaineering group is not allowed to carry out any mountaineering activities without a local agency registered in Nepal.
The Nepal Himalayas are the highest mountains in the World and are therefore referred to as the World’s roof or the Roof of the World. These mountains take on an air of mystery when one enters them. Even today, the broad zone of the Himalayas is intact. The Himalayas are a source of fascination and inspiration to people from all walks of life in the World. The Himalayas are home to the snow and the gods. Its name has roots in the Sanskrit language: him=snow, alaya= home of snow. The Himalayas extend about 2,500 kilometres, twice as long as the Alps in Europe, and are about 300 km in width and rise to nine kilometres above sea level—the Brahmaputra (Assam) in the east and the Indus in the west mark their endpoints.
The Himalayas of Nepal lies in the centre of the Himalayan range. Eight peaks of over 8,000 metres, including the World’s highest mountain, Mount Everest, are the most prominent members of this part of the spectrum. In addition, there are some 1,400 magnificent summits of more than 6,000 metres, which has put Nepal on the map. The country is also renowned for its friendly people and traditional villages.
There once was a sea (the Tethys Sea) within the ancient continent of Gondwana (joining the Indian subcontinent and southern landmasses). The Himalayas began to exist about 70 to 80 million years ago. The final uplift of the peaks started approximately 10 million years ago. Therefore, the Himalayas are still very young and geologically active. According to geologists, they are growing at a pace of 15 centimetres per year as the Indian plate moves north under the Euro-Asian plate. This continual process of shifting tectonic plates causes earthquakes in this region. In addition, the collision of continental plates reacts to sedimentary rocks and brings what was once below the sea to the surface. The granite formations of Mount Makalu and the metamorphic rocks in the lower layer of Mount Everest once lay under the Tethys Sea. A geologist involved in the 1965 Indian expedition found a deposit of seashell fossils in limestone about 100 feet above the South Summit, 8,749 metres above sea level.
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