Tibet lies in southwestern China and borders the Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region and Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces. In addition, it borders Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, and the Kashmir regions in the south and west. Tibet occupies 1.22 million square kilometres and is inhabited by 2.62 million people, with more than 30 ethnic groups, the Han, Lhoba, Monba, Mongol, Naxi, Hui, Nu, and the Tibetans accounting for 92.2 percent.
Tibet, the main part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has an average elevation of 4,000 meters above sea level, which makes it known as the “Roof of the World”. Mount Everest, located in Tibet, is famously called the “Third Pole of the Earth,” and its summit borders Nepal and Tibet (China).
Its plateau climate creates significant temperature differences between day and night. The North Tibet Plateau is cold and dry, resulting in a low average temperature, prolonged strong sunshine, low air density, and minimal rainfall. Barley, wheat, potatoes, and grapes are the primary crops, while sheep, goats, and yaks are the primary livestock and key pillars of Tibet’s economy. Tibet is also well-known for medicinal substances, such as musk, pilose antlers, and snow lotuses, which enjoy global popularity. Furthermore, Tibet is recognized for its hydropower and thermal power, ranking second globally in solar energy utilization.
The history indicates that the Tibetan territory was inhabited by humans as early as the late Palaeolithic Age. In the seventh century, King Songtsen Gompo united Tibet and established the Tubo kingdom and marital relations with the Tang imperial court during the seventh and eighth centuries. Tibet fell under the Yuan dynasty administration in the 13th century, and the fifth Dalai Lama established the Kadam Potrang government in the 17th century, which was later recognized by the Qing government. This government persisted until 1965, when Tibet was declared an Autonomous Region of Tibet on September 1st, 1965.
Tibet has some of the most ancient histories and beautiful landscapes; its spectacular ancient monasteries and unique local customs attract many tourists. Major towns such as Lhasa, Xigatse, Shannan, Nyingchi, Nagchu, Ngari, and Amdo have distinct geographies and colourful traditions. Visitors are welcome to explore Tibet and witness these rare wonders of the world.
May to October is the best season for touring and trekking in Tibet. The rainfall increases from June to September, enhancing the beauty and luxuriance of the scenery.
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